Destroy the rules, or fall in line?
Meizhi lang / undeniable
Will you follow a rule, even if doing so can harm you and no one can know when you break? A series of experiments suggests that 1 of 4 people do exactly: Follow unconditional rules, even if no social pressure, punishment and personal profits. The results of traditional economic theories, thinking that following the rule is largely run by the incentives of pursuing, and can be disgusted how we manage new laws.
“Following or violating the rules is the constant social behavior of man always worth,” as Simon GameCter At the University of Nottingham, UK, but researchers do not agree with why we do it. “Economists are likely to emphasize extrinsic incentives, and other social scientists weigh the importance of conformity.”
Encourages some unity, Gacheta and his colleagues create different simple computer tasks where more than 14,000 people can move on a traffic line as soon as possible to recover their reward.
In each test, participants began $ 20 but the reward dropped to $ 1 per second, so violating the rules by not waiting for green lighting means more money. Despite participants were told by their actions unknown and no one looked at what they did, about 70 percent of people who were still following roughly before proceeding.
Although researchers refer to potential profits from the violation of the rule, most people follow. “There is no social pressure, unknown, no reason to follow the rule, however, almost 60 percent following it,” as Gainchter.
To determine the influence of social expectations following obedience, the team asked participants about what they thought others would obey. Those who think others follow more follows the rule of themselves, showing that even if lonely, people make internal beliefs about what social actions are acceptable.
Study strengthened the fact that the social expectations of our behavior, as Desmet in Pieter At the Erasmus University Rotterdam in the Netherlands – an idea that is exploited by “Units of Translation“In governments.” Adding ‘9 to 10 people paying their tax on time’ in a reminder letter can facilitate tax compliance. Power of some of the most effective policy breakdowns, “he said.
However, this social expectancy does not affect everything; About 25 percent of the people followed the rule regardless of what they thought or considered, while also known that the violation of the rule was none of themselves, resulting in a small reward. This is the most important search, says the Gainecheter: “That shows an intrinsic respect for the rules. You have given these people a rule and they follow it unconditionally.”
“An awesome number of people will follow the rules even if the rules are unreasonable, dear to follow, not followed by others,” Desmet said. However, he let this search become unspeakable interpretation of the real world – other studies show The more demanding a rule, it is less than follow, for example.
In another part of the experiment, the conquering of the study observed how participants were members of the. Seeing others who follow the rule is not very modified their behavior. However, observing others violates the rule that makes a moderate impression, challenge the small number to do the same.
These mirrors in some psychologist observations Stanley Milgram’s controversial test experiments in the 1960s. He shows that many people can easily administer their painful electric shocks to others when taught by an authority discussion – unless they do not see other opposition. In that case, obedience decreases from 65 percent to 10 percent.
The additional differences in the Gacheta experiment in the Gacheta identified extrinsic sanctions, saying that the conduct of the rule will get 90 percent in time, without reward. This change increases following 78 percent. Taken, results suggest that while extrinsic rewards add conformity, a large part of following the subjects, and, for many people, an internalized commitment to obeying obedience.
Gamanchate says economists have been parked in the history of incentive administrations as a leading driver of compliance with compliance. But he argues that it does not find that many follow the rules because they believe the rules should be followed. Depending on the context, that intrinsic motivation can be beneficial or can maintain harmful actions. “It shows that if you have intended the laws, it is not just a simple expense versus calculation of benefit; it is more interesting than,” as the Gainchter.
Desmet thinks of clear implications for policy makers, because experiments show that even symbol rules are not only the threat of punishment but by influencing behavior and expectations. “
But whoever listened to remain left, says Alex Hasham At the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia. While some policy makers can be answered in the use of results to help make the law, not everyone leads the research. “There are policy owners who don’t watch things,” he said.
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