Most powerful Gold Deffies ‘Entropy Catastrophe’ Limit, Recharge 40-year-old Physics
Physicists who are healing golden up to 14 times melting point, with long-term predictions regarding the limits of the solid temperature
Greg Stewart / Slac National Elecerator Laboratory
Gold is always melting in 1,300 kelvins – a temperature warmer than fresh lava from a volcano. But scientists have recently shot a nanometer of gold sample with a laser and warmed it to an impressive 19,000 kelvins (33,740 degrees Fahrenheit) -Ald Material is melting. Feat is completely unexpected and extinguished 40 years of acceptable physics about temperature limits in solid materials, researchers reported a journal published in the journal Nature. “It is very strange,” as the member of the Member Member Thomas White at the University of Nevada, Reno. “We’re afraid of when we see what it really is hot.”
The measured temperature is very good at the proposed “entropy catastrophe” limit “point where Entropy, or disease, material must force it to melt. Previous limit, theorists predicting solid gold have a higher entropy than liquid gold – a clear violation of thermodynamics laws. By measuring such a blistering temperature of a solid in the new study, researchers rejected the prophecy. They know that their strong gold has become as most powerful Because it is humble quickly: their laser explodes gold for only 45 femtoseconds, or 45 quadrillionths of a “flash heating” that is more powerful to heal famous physics.
“I want to cut out the authors in this interesting experiment,” Sheng-Nan Luo, a physicist in Southwest Jaaliong University in China and does not study new research. “However, melted under such ultrahfast, ultrasmall, ulcracomplex conditions can be changed.” Experimental gold is an ionized solid heated in a way that can cause a high pressure in the room, as results may not apply to the usual solids under regular pressures. Researchers, however, suspect that ionization and pressure can account for their measurements. Severe gold temperature “is unreasonable to explain to these effects only,” the white says. “The measure of the induced observed suggests a true new regime.”
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Science Chandra Chanry scientists operate in Linoc equal light source to the Slac National Elecerator Laboratory.
Jacqueline Ramseyer Orrell / Slac National Elecerator Laboratory
To get the gold temperature, the team uses another laser-in this case, the most powerful X-ray laser in the world, three kilometers (1.9 miles) long. The machine, the Linoc coheent light source of the Slac National Elecerator Laboratory in California, more than the lights of the light of a broken beam of a trillion (1012) X-ray photon.
When the laser fires the best sample, x-ray photas are scattered in the atoms within the atoms to effectively obtain the atoms to effectively obtain the temperature of atoms to effectively obtain atoms to effectively obtain atoms.
“The largest lasting contribution is that we have a method of truly accurately to measure this temperature,” says member of the Member SPE team Bob Nell. Researchers hope to use the technique of other types of “warm things,” like materials meant by MIMIC the contents of the stars and planets. So far, they have no good way to take the temperature of the matter in such healthy situations, which usually lasts fragments in a second. After gold test, the team made the laser thermometer in a piece of iron foil heated by a laser shock wave to simulate the circumstances of our planet. “In this way, we can find out what the melting temperature is,” Naller said. “These questions are important if you want to model the ground.”
Temperature technique should also be useful for predicting how the materials used in fusion experiments will work. the National National Warnation In the Lawrence Liverremore National Laboratory, eg, shooting lasers in small targets fast hotter and targeted it to advent this fusion to thermonuclear. Physics can now know the melting point for different targets – which means the whole field can warm up in the near future.
