Exposure to umer hormones affect the brain’s brain growth
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Human brain is one of the most complex things in the universe – and that complicated can be due to a surge of hormones released by forsist during pregnancy.
While many ideas suggested to explain the evolution of the human brain, it remains one of the best science mysteries. An explanation, known as Social Brain Hypotesissuggests that our many brain evolves in handling complex social relationships. It provides navigating as many group dynamics require a specific cognitive ability, pushing social species to develop larger brain. For example, some other friendly animals, like dolphins and elephants, a relatively large brain. But biological mechanism underlining this link remains unclear.
Now, Alex Tsompanidis At the University of Cambridge and his companions say that the answer can be a placental sex hormones. During pregnancy, the placenta – a temporary organs acting as an intermediary between fetus and mother – makes causing hormones. It includes sex hormones such as oestrogens and androgens.
“I know that as a jump – thinking about human evolution and then ended by the placenta,” says Tsompanidis. “But it is important for that because we look at changes and differences in the level of hormones in the womb and see that they are improving things as social development.”
Also shown by the colleague research that these hormones influence the developing brain. For example, a 2022 LEARNING found in charge of androgens, such as testosterone, in Organizations in the brain – Simplified, miniature versions of the brain made from human cells – during a critical development period increases the number of cortex cells, a region of the brain that is important for memory, learning and thinking. Other studies of brain organs show that oestrogens are important for forming and maintaining connections between neurons.
There is also some limited evidence that people are exposed to higher levels of hormones during pregnancy than people who are not human. art 1983 LEARNING It is known that gorillas and chimpanzees have four to five times less estrogen in their urine than people during pregnancy. Placenta also has Genes’s a lot of activity producing aromatase – an enzyme that changes the androgens of estrogens – to people than macaque monkeys.
“These hormones have become important for brain development, and when we look at it as much more than other primates and other species, as if these hormones are very high in people (during pregnancy),” as chartcanidis.
This influx can also help explain why people make many social groups. Some biologists evolutionally believe we can build many social networks because differences between sexies are more subtle with people than other primates. For example, men and women are more equal to body size than male and female neanderthals, as tsompanidis. This is probably due to the higher estrogen levels of the utero, he said.
“If you have a lot of estrogen, you are not only less masculinised, but you are more likely to have a contradictory brain,” as tsompanidis. “So pushing to add estrogen, pushing to make all social and go honestly what makes the human brain that is better.”
“I agree that plet plates influence the brain’s brain development and likely evolution of the brain of hominin,” as David Geary At the University of Missouri. “However, I think they introduced the influence of competition with male-male brain competition and cognitive evolution.”
While it is true that people within the same social group are more likely to help each other than other primates, it can be a result of conflicts between groups, as he said. After all, the more coordinating and teamwork is an advantage over a fatal confrontation, he focuses on.
Our predefined placental differences between primates are also limited. There are many non-human primins, such as chimpanzees, eat the placente after giving birth, struggling to study, says Tsompanidis.
Identifying what factors transition to human brain evolution is more than an intellectual pursuit: it can also shine Neurodiversity.
“Not all people are social or have an unbelievable language skill – and that’s good. That can’t do anything,” says Tsompanidis. Understanding how the brain progresses sharp inspect if some cognitive attributes have trades, he says.
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