Uloboridae spiders have lost their Venom but not their kahoxicity

history

Venom, one of the most important secrets of nature, there is an important role in evolutionary success in many groups of animals, including spiders. However, the spiders of the Uloboridae appeared to be lacking Venom and captured their victim, unlike the odd spiders, by many plaques-wrakping with digestive fluids in the full digestive package. A dominant hypothesis posits that threads can be reformed from thread to alternative secrets, such as silk or digestive plans. However, ulorbids remained venom threads and the mechanisms undergoing immobilization victim remain unresolved. Here, we use a multi-disciplined approach to determine the loss of Venom glands in Plumipes on the hobbyDeclaring the hoxin gene and toxicity of digestive proteins.

result

Our findings proves that U. Plumiles Lack of a Venom Apparatus, while neurotoxin-like transcripts are highly expressed in the digestive system. Midgut extract has a comparable toxicity level with that toxic Parateatoda Tepidariorum. However, no effects of inhibitory of sodium or potassium channels, indicating a different hotxic mechanism.

Peng, X., Derch, L., Dresler, J. et al. More than Venomous Fangs: Uloboridae spiders have lost their Venom but not their dizziness. BMC Biol 23159 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-025-02448-1