The standard piece of fragment physics – the best, most perfectly relieved description of scientists who have been created in real way – as a threat to its reign.
At least, that is a long-term expected experimental consequence announced on June 3 by fermi National Elecerator Laboratory, or Fermilab, in the best measurement made of The magnetic wobble of an odd subatomic particles called moon-Stild remained the most important supremacy challenge in the standard model. The results that Posted in preprint server arxiv.org and submitted to the journal Physical Review Letters.
Mono is less electron, 200-times heavier cousin. And as electron and all other particles accused, have an internal magnetism. When the steady methenment magnetism clas defines the physicists the speed of this withdrawal using a number, g,, Which of the centuries ago calculated exactly 2 The standard model can be used to calculate the size of this deviation, known as G-2, by relating all influences to different particles. But because G-2 should be sensitive to unknown particles and forces, a mismatch between a calculated deviation and an actual measurement can A brand new physics beyond the limitations of standard model.
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That’s hope, however. The problem is that physics find two different ways to calculate G-2, and one of the ways, each other separate Paproter paper Released on May 27, now provides an answer that is closely opposite to measuring a magnetic gem, the ultimate result from the experimental in Mun G-2 hosted by Fermilab. So a cloud of uncertainty is still hanging above: There is a most important experimental deviation of the chunky physics killed by the theoretical tweaks when it is still alive, or it is good to measure it, or it is good to measure it, the case is well.
The most recent word – but not the end
The collaboration of Mouu G-2 announces results on Tuesday a wrapped auditorium in Fermilab, who replaces audiences looking through Liverstream) a brief history of the project and a view of its final consequence. The heart of the experiment is a giant 50-foot-diameter magnet, which acts as a racetrack for wobbling moon. In 2001, while operating the Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, this ring revealed the first token of an exciting deviation. In 2013 the physics moving the ring by truck and Tsog from Brookhaven to Fermilab, where to take advantage of a more powerful source of Munon. The collaboration with Moon G-2 Started in 2017. And in 2021 it released The first result that has strengthened the first signs of an apparent anomalia, motivated further by further outcomes announced 2023. This most recent consequence is a headline of first measurements: The final measurement of collaboration provides 0.001165907050505, with a remarkable consequences but have a unique results but have a unique accuracy of 127 parts per 127 parts each billion. That’s almost equivalent, June 3 notice knows, to measure the weight of a bison of a sunflower seed.
Despite that impressive reason to measure, interpreting this result remains a different breed. The task of calculating standard predictions of M-2 is the priest that has brought it over 100 theorists for a supplemental theory called theory theory.
“This is an effort to community with a task involved with an amount of approval based on full time information,” said Hartmut Wittig at Corcy Committee. “Answer if new physics can depend on which prophecy you compare. The amount of consensus should end this ambiguity.”
In 2020 the group Published a theoretical calculation to G-2 showing to confirm the difference in measurements. However, the Preperpert, brings significant change. The difference between the theory and experiment now is less part per billion, a number of approval of uncertainty, associated with the predictions of the standard model and the measured result.
Virtual (particle) insanity
To find out what brings this shift in predictions, one should look at a category of virtual particles crossing the path of monon.
“(Except gravity) Three from four known basic forces contributed to G-2: electromagnetism, the weak interaction and the strong interaction,” meant in Wittig. The influence of virtual photons (particles of light also carry carriers to electromagnetic force) to muons that are relatively corrected (despite misfortune) to calculate. In contrast, accurately verify the effects of strong force (which usually holds nuclei atoms) more difficult and the least theoretically restricted to all G-2 calculations.
Instead of dealing with virtual photons, grapple with virtual honerons, clumps of basic particles called (you can be grouped) glussed, glucass the hadrons can engage them with the culpable “hadronic blobs, ” so many complications of calculations to their contributions to shaking the muons. Up to 2020 results, researchers indirectly estimates this called Hadronic Vacuum Polarization (HVP) contribution to experimenting it for electronic.
One year ago, however, a new HVP calculation method introduced based on Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (Lattice QCD), a computation of intensive approach, and easily obtained.
Gilberto Colanelo, a professor of the University of Bern in Switzerland and a member of the theory steering wheel, have a great picture that agrees with the consequences they make. “
However many tastes of lattice QCD compacts have improved and their results met, however, experimental electron-based measurements of HVP. Among seven experiments seeking HVP withholding and tighten frank precision, only one agree with the lattice qcd’s consequences, while there is breach of their own measurements.
“It’s a puzzling situation for everyone,” Colangelo notes. “People make a check with each other. The experiments) are scrutinized in detail; we have sessions lasting five hours.”
Later, the theory initiative has decided to use only the results of Lattice QCD for the HVP of the White paper in Year this year, while understanding the understanding of experimental consequences continues. The option moves the overall predicted value for G-2 closer to Fermilab’s measurement.
The standard model still stands
The standard model sees all predictions tried to be tested in high accuracy, given this title to the most successful history of history. However, it is sometimes defined as something unwanted or failed as well because it is not discussed in general open questions, such as the nature of the dark matter of galaxies.
In solid terms of experimental deviations from predictions, this century saw the increase in the rise and falls of many Incorrect alarms.
If the M-2 anomalium is lost, however, it also takes some relevant contenders for new, physics that change paradigm; The loss of types of fragments of quantum vacuum particles put strong constraints to “beyond the standard model” theory. This is true for Supermetry’s theory, a favorite of theorists, that some matches a fragment of predictions that explains particles as invisible supertymmetric particles.
Kim Siang Khaw, an Associate Professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China and a member of Muneo G-2 in Fermilab on what follows. “The theory initiative is another act of continuing,” he said. “They have to wait for many years to complete. (But) every study of physics is an act of progress.” Khaw also mentions Fermilab watching the reaction of the “Storage Ring” and magnets used in the experiment, exploring many ideas that can be learned.
In the end, in front of theory, he mobs: “I think the beauty of (G-2 measurement is where there is a new physical. Discover new physics.”
