Launch can cause two types of bacteria, Mycobacterium leprae or Mycobacterium leromatosis
Nobastsofierce Science / Alamy
A form of leprosy affect Americans in America before the European arrival, as opposed to popular faith.
“Narration around the leprosy is always the terrible disease that Europeans in America,” says Nicolàs Rastovan In the Pasteur Institute in Paris. “Well, our discovery changes that.”
Most cases of leprosy worldwide are caused by bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. But in 2008, Xiang-Yang Han At the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and his companions Discovered a second Causative Agent,, M. Levomatisof two people from Mexico with leprosy. Ever since, scientists find many cases in this pathogen in the US, Canada, Brazil and Cuba – as well as four people in Singapore and Myanmar.
Wanting to know more about unreliable pathogen, Rascovan joined Han and other researchers, as well as native DNAs from 389 people living in America before contacting Europe.
They found M. Leptomatosis In the remnants of a person near Alaska-Canadian border and two of the southeastern coast of Argentina, all carbon – dated for about 1000 years ago. Bacterial genomes are different, relating different scars separated by about 12,000 kilometers. “It spreads speed, at a level of continent, of something in a year,” says Rascovan.
DNA from twelve modern cases – mostly from the US and Mexico – reveals almost all contemporary clones, which only reflect small changes since ancient times. But team also introduces a unique and unusual old strain of a modern person who does not exchange the archaeological leftovers, which suggests at least two different lines of M. Leptomatosis still imposes people in North America today – along M. Sanla straps introduced by Europeans.
Combined analysis suggested by America’s bacteria and development of nearly 10,000 years. About 3000 years ago, a pathogen line mutated in a form of present Red Squirrels infections in UK and Ireland – which leads to problems like swollen skin and crusty wounds.
As for its origins, Genetic Data shows that M. Leptomatosis and M. Sanla About a common ancestor over 700,000 years ago, no matter where in the world the variety occurred.
Modern cases of M. Leptomatosis seem to affect blood vessels, especially with legs and feet – unlike M. Sanlathat attacks the nerves, says Han. To some people carrying M. LeptomatosisBlood flow is disabled, cause the skin to die and break. That can lead to fatal complications, including severe secondary infections through bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. This disease can also spread to the skin, turning off organs like liver and spleen. As a result, some people die before their bones have time to show signs of leprosy.
That helps explain why archaeologists do not recognize the leprosy of ancient Americans, as Han said. While European and Asia skills often show classic signs of bone damage from leprosy, ancient individuals from Canada in these conditions that can be signs of leprosy.
Annemieke joy In Leiden University in the Netherlands says this “beautiful study” forced to change the history of disease. “My teaching slides the state without the launch in America before the colonists are colonized,” he said. “Now I need to update my slides!”
More than historical importance, research also places lights on a pressure on public health issue. The leisure of the parts of the world, he says, and increases by antimicrobial resistance that makes treatment. “Beware is very important,” Geluk said. “We need a global effort to map what ties are there.”
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