The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most important and complex human body systems. It plays an important role in regulating and coordinating the functions of the body, from major survival mechanisms of higher cognitive functions. In this article, we will provide a deep view of the CNS, its components, and its critical functions. By understanding this we will have insight
What is the central nervous system (CNS)?
The central nervous system contains brain and spinal cord, which is set inside cranial and vertebral holes. CNS is the control center of the body, processing sensory information, voluntary coordinating and voluntary actions, and ensure maintenance of homeostasis. The brain and spinal cord convinces, allowing for efficient communication between different parts of the body and brain.
CNS functions
CNS creates many aggregate functions that are important for human survival. These tasks include:
- Translate sensory info: The brain processes sensory data from the body, such as sight, sound, touch, and tasting, and translate these signals to form a uniform understanding of the outer environment.
- Plan and monitor the action: CNS involves planning voluntary movements and coordinating them with sensory feedback to ensure smooth, useful actions.
- Homeostasis Maintenance: The brain regulates critical work such as body temperature, blood pressure, and liquid balance to ensure that the internal environment remain strong.
- Higher mental functions: CNS is responsible for cognitive processes such as learning, memory, language, and decision making. These complex functions allow people to argue, plan, and adapt to change of circumstances.
Peripheral nerve system: Support CNS
Besides CNS, the Peripheral Nervous System (PN) has an important role in connecting the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. PNS has two main functions:
- Motor motion: PNS stimulates contracting muscles or hiding gland in response to signals from CNS.
- Sensory Works: PNs find sensations from internal and outer environments, which give CNS with important information to be processed and explain.
Join, CNs and PNs make the body respond to internal and external stimuli, maintain balance, and make complex tasks.
The structure and function of the brain
The brain is a unique organ, which is weighed between 1250-1450 grams (2.76-3.2 lbs) and consumes about 20% of the body’s total blood. The significant blood supply reflects the high metabolic need of brain for oxygen, glucose, and nutrients. The brain is made up of majority of nervous tissue and composed of multiple distinct regions, each species has specific roles. These regions include Cerebrum, Family, Cerebellum, and Brain.
1. Cerebrum: The Control Center for higher tasks
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and responsible for higher mental functions such as learning, memory, language, mind (thinking), and personality. It also plays an important role of feeling and moving. The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres, left and right, each further divided into five different lobes:
- Frontal Lobe: Responsible for reasoning, planning, moving, and solving the problem.
- Parietal Lobe: Attached to processing sensory information associated with touching, pressure, temperature, and pain.
- Occatucal Lebe: Primary responsible for processing visual information.
- Temporal lobe: Attached to processing of auditory, memory, and emotions.
- Insular Lobe: Have an emotional role and self-awareness.
2. DIFILLPHON: The Relay Station
Located under the cerebral hemispheres, the families are the central core of the brain and composed of many structures, including thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, and subhalamus. It has many important tasks:
- Processing and relaying information: The weighing acts as a relay station, processing sensory and motor signs and ordered them in appropriate regions of the brain.
- Hometotatic regulation: Hypothalamus, about humility, regulates critical tasks such as body temperature, hunger, thirsty cycles.
- Motion regulation: The relief involved in control of motor and coordination functions.
- Biological rhythms: It plays a significant role in maintaining the body’s circadian rhythms, influenced sleeping patterns and patterns of wise.
3. Series: Coordination of movement
The cerebellumlocated in posterior and lower part of the brain, divided by left and right hemispheres. It is primarily responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and maintenance of balance and posture. The cerebellum also helps good control motor tone, to ensure smooth, coordinated moves. It plays an important role in activities that require accuracy, such as typing, playing an instrument, or sports involvement.
4. Brainsem: The bridge between the brain and spinal cord
Brainsem connects the spinal cord and involved in control of important, involuntary functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. And, it also has an important role in reflex actions, monitoring the action, and relay information between the brain and spinal cord. The brain contains three main parts:
The Spinal Cord: the passage of communication
Spinal cord is a long, tubular organ from the brain and protected inside the vertebral hole. It is approximately 43-46 cm (17-18 inches) long and ranges from 0.65-1.25 cm (0.25-0-0.5 inches) in diameter. The spinal cord served as a communications between the brain and the rest of the body, which sent sensory information from motor signals and the glands.
It also contains a central canal full of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which can help pillow and protect the spinal cord from harm. The spinal cord is divided into parts corresponding to different regions of the body, and it has an important role in reflex actions.
White object and gray thing: CNS building blocks
Brain and spinal cord are made up of two types of tissues: white thing and It is ditel. These tissues work together to ship and process information across the CNS.
- White thing Contains myelinated axons, responsible for sending signals to distant distances. In the brain, the white object is organized by bonds called tracts, connecting different regions of gray matter.
- It is ditel contains bodys in neuron cells, dendrites, and unstoppable axons. In the brain, the gray thing is found on the outer part (the cerebral cortex) and in the deep regions called nuclei. Spinal cord also has gray object, which processes sensory and motor information.
Brainstorm and spinal cord
Brainstorm and spinal cord progress begins with embryo as a neural tube. This is a hollow structure that finally gives the central nervous system. In the fourth week of gestation, the neural tube was fully developed. Then the caudal part (tail) forms the spinal cord. And the cranial (head) formed three main brain vesicles: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.
In the fifth week of development, the main brain brains differ in five secondary vesicle. It provides adult brain divisions: the cerebrum, brainstem (composed of three parts), recent, and cerebellum. This intricate improvement ensures that CNs are capable of making many hours of birthtime.
Finally
The central nerve system is a more intricate and smooth system. It controls almost every part of human physics, from the main functions of survival of complex cognitive abilities. The brain and spinal cord job in concert to process sensory information. It helps regulate body functions and can volunteer and voluntary actions.
Organization of the brain in distinct regions, each responsible for different tasks, ensures that the body acts as a cohesive unit. The peripheral nerve system fills the CNS by giving important sensory and motor functions. Together, these systems allow people to interact with the environment. It helps to maintain internal balancing and participation in higher cognitive function explaining our identity and intelligence.
reference
Pearson Education, Inc. (2019). Copyright © 2019, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
